This dataset comprises detailed ecological assessments of rangeland sites, focusing on plant community compositions, soil characteristics, and conservation interventions. Recorded attributes include geographic coordinates, total plant cover, species-specific cover percentages, and soil types (sand, stones, litter, feces). The dataset also details the effects of various rangeland management strategies such as protection and scarification on biomass production and land carrying capacity. This data is essential for researchers and policymakers involved in sustainable land management and conservation planning in rangelands.